cryptotokenkit

What this skill does

# CryptoTokenKit

Use CryptoTokenKit for token driver extensions, smart-card communication,
token sessions, token-backed keychain integration, and certificate-based
authentication in Swift 6.3 apps.

**Platform availability:** CryptoTokenKit classes are available across Apple
platforms, but capability depends on extension point, entitlement, hardware, and
OS version. The smart-card app extension flow for login/keychain unlock is macOS.
`TKSmartCardSlotManager.default` is optional and returns `nil` unless smart-card
access is enabled. iOS/iPadOS 26+ add NFC smart-card slots and registration.

## Contents

- [Architecture Overview](#architecture-overview)
- [Token Extensions](#token-extensions)
- [Token Sessions](#token-sessions)
- [Smart Card Communication](#smart-card-communication)
- [Keychain Integration](#keychain-integration)
- [Certificate Authentication](#certificate-authentication)
- [Token Watching](#token-watching)
- [Error Handling](#error-handling)
- [Common Mistakes](#common-mistakes)
- [Review Checklist](#review-checklist)
- [References](#references)

## Architecture Overview

CryptoTokenKit bridges hardware security tokens (smart cards, USB tokens)
with authentication and keychain services. The framework has three main usage
modes:

**Smart-card token extensions** -- macOS app extensions that make a hardware
token's cryptographic items available to system login and keychain unlock. The
driver handles token lifecycle, session management, and cryptographic operations.

**Client-side token access** -- Apps query the keychain for items backed by
tokens. CryptoTokenKit exposes token items as standard keychain entries when a
token is present.

**NFC smart-card access** -- iOS/iPadOS 26+ apps create a temporary NFC smart
card slot and communicate with the presented contactless card through
`TKSmartCard`.

**Boundary routing:** Own token/smart-card sessions, token-backed keychain
items, and certificate-based smart-card auth. Route passkeys/WebAuthn and
account sign-in to `authentication`; route Secure Enclave, CryptoKit primitives,
keychain architecture, certificate pinning, and trust policy to `swift-security`.

### Key Types

| Type | Role | Platform |
|---|---|---|
| `TKTokenDriver` / `TKToken` / `TKTokenSession` | Token driver, token, and session primitives | iOS 10+, macOS 10.12+ |
| `TKSmartCardTokenDriver` | Entry point for smart card token extensions | iOS 10+, macOS 10.12+; macOS extension flow |
| `TKSmartCard` / `TKSmartCardSlotManager` | Low-level APDU communication and slot discovery | iOS 9+, macOS 10.10+; `default` is optional |
| `TKTokenWatcher` | Observes token insertion and removal | iOS 10+, macOS 10.12+ |
| `TKSmartCardSlotNFCSession` | NFC-backed smart card slot session | iOS/iPadOS 26+ |
| `TKSmartCardTokenRegistrationManager` | Registers NFC smart cards for later keychain use | iOS/iPadOS 26+ |

## Token Extensions

For system login and keychain unlock on macOS, a token driver is an app
extension that makes a hardware token's cryptographic capabilities available to
the system. The host app exists only as a delivery mechanism for the extension.

A smart card token extension has three core classes:

1. **TokenDriver** (subclass of `TKSmartCardTokenDriver`) -- entry point
2. **Token** (subclass of `TKSmartCardToken`) -- represents the token
3. **TokenSession** (subclass of `TKSmartCardTokenSession`) -- handles operations

### Driver Class

```swift
import CryptoTokenKit

final class TokenDriver: TKSmartCardTokenDriver, TKSmartCardTokenDriverDelegate {
    func tokenDriver(
        _ driver: TKSmartCardTokenDriver,
        createTokenFor smartCard: TKSmartCard,
        aid: Data?
    ) throws -> TKSmartCardToken {
        return try Token(
            smartCard: smartCard,
            aid: aid,
            instanceID: "com.example.token:\(smartCard.slot.name)",
            tokenDriver: driver
        )
    }
}
```

### Token Class

The token reads certificates and keys from hardware and populates its
keychain contents:

```swift
final class Token: TKSmartCardToken, TKTokenDelegate {
    init(
        smartCard: TKSmartCard, aid: Data?,
        instanceID: String, tokenDriver: TKSmartCardTokenDriver
    ) throws {
        try super.init(
            smartCard: smartCard, aid: aid,
            instanceID: instanceID, tokenDriver: tokenDriver
        )
        self.delegate = self

        let certData = try readCertificate(from: smartCard)
        guard let cert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, certData as CFData) else {
            throw TKError(.corruptedData)
        }

        let certItem = TKTokenKeychainCertificate(certificate: cert, objectID: "cert-auth")
        let keyItem = TKTokenKeychainKey(certificate: cert, objectID: "key-auth")
        keyItem?.canSign = true
        keyItem?.canDecrypt = false
        keyItem?.isSuitableForLogin = true

        self.keychainContents?.fill(with: [certItem!, keyItem!])
    }

    func createSession(_ token: TKToken) throws -> TKTokenSession {
        TokenSession(token: token)
    }
}
```

### Info.plist and Registration

The extension's `Info.plist` must name the driver class:

```
NSExtension
  NSExtensionAttributes
    com.apple.ctk.driver-class = $(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).TokenDriver
  NSExtensionPointIdentifier = com.apple.ctk-tokens
```

Register the extension once by launching the host app as `_securityagent`:

```shell
sudo -u _securityagent /Applications/TokenHost.app/Contents/MacOS/TokenHost
```

## Token Sessions

`TKTokenSession` manages authentication state and performs cryptographic
operations via its delegate.

```swift
final class TokenSession: TKSmartCardTokenSession, TKTokenSessionDelegate {
    func tokenSession(
        _ session: TKTokenSession,
        supports operation: TKTokenOperation,
        keyObjectID: TKToken.ObjectID,
        algorithm: TKTokenKeyAlgorithm
    ) -> Bool {
        switch operation {
        case .signData:
            return algorithm.isAlgorithm(.rsaSignatureDigestPKCS1v15SHA256)
                || algorithm.isAlgorithm(.ecdsaSignatureDigestX962SHA256)
        case .decryptData:
            return algorithm.isAlgorithm(.rsaEncryptionOAEPSHA256)
        case .performKeyExchange:
            return algorithm.isAlgorithm(.ecdhKeyExchangeStandard)
        default:
            return false
        }
    }

    func tokenSession(
        _ session: TKTokenSession,
        sign dataToSign: Data,
        keyObjectID: TKToken.ObjectID,
        algorithm: TKTokenKeyAlgorithm
    ) throws -> Data {
        let smartCard = try getSmartCard()
        return try smartCard.withSession {
            try performCardSign(smartCard: smartCard, data: dataToSign, keyID: keyObjectID)
        }
    }

    func tokenSession(
        _ session: TKTokenSession,
        decrypt ciphertext: Data,
        keyObjectID: TKToken.ObjectID,
        algorithm: TKTokenKeyAlgorithm
    ) throws -> Data {
        let smartCard = try getSmartCard()
        return try smartCard.withSession {
            try performCardDecrypt(smartCard: smartCard, data: ciphertext, keyID: keyObjectID)
        }
    }
}
```

### PIN Authentication

Return a `TKTokenAuthOperation` from `beginAuthFor:` to prompt the user
for PIN entry before cryptographic operations:

```swift
func tokenSession(
    _ session: TKTokenSession,
    beginAuthFor operation: TKTokenOperation,
    constraint: Any
) throws -> TKTokenAuthOperation {
    let pinAuth = TKTokenSmartCardPINAuthOperation()
    pinAuth.pinFormat.charset = .numeric
    pinAuth.pinFormat.minPINLength = 4
    pinAuth.pinFormat.maxPINLength = 8
    pinAuth.smartCard = (session as? TKSmartCardTokenSession)?.smartCard
    pinAuth.apduTemplate = buildVerifyAPDU()
    pinAuth.pinByteOffset = 5
    return pinAuth
}
```

## Smart Card Communication

`TKSmartCard` provides low-level APDU communication with smart cards.
`TKSmartCardSlotManager.default` is optional; treat `nil` as unavailable
hardware, missing entitlement/access, or unsupported r